Weightlifters often display increases in bone density in response to their training.The combination of high load and arm rotation results in a twisted bone density profile. There are four main phases of a tennis serve, and the highest loads occur during external shoulder rotation and ball impact. The most critical loads on a tennis player's arms occur during the serve. Their bodies have strengthened the bones in their racquet-holding arm, since it is routinely placed under higher than normal stresses. The racquet-holding arm bones of tennis players become stronger than those of the other arm.Tennis players often use one arm more than the other Refinement of Wolff's Law: Utah-Paradigm of Bone physiology ( Mechanostat Theorem) by Harold Frost.In relation to soft tissue, Davis' law explains how soft tissue remodels itself according to imposed demands.Ĭomputational models suggest that mechanical feedback loops can stably regulate bone remodeling by reorienting trabeculae in the direction of the mechanical loads. Additionally, osteoprogenitor cells, which may differentiate into osteoblasts or osteoclasts, are also mechanosensors and will differentiate depending on the loading condition. Upon sensing a load, osteocytes regulate bone remodeling by signaling to other cells with signaling molecules or direct contact. Osteocytes are the most abundant cells in bone and are also the most sensitive to such fluid flow caused by mechanical loading. When loaded, fluid flows away from areas of high compressive loading in the bone matrix. The specific effects on bone structure depend on the duration, magnitude, and rate of loading, and it has been found that only cyclic loading can induce bone formation. Mechanotransduction leading to bone remodeling involves the steps of mechanocoupling, biochemical coupling, signal transmission, and cell response.

The remodeling of bone in response to loading is achieved via mechanotransduction, a process through which forces or other mechanical signals are converted to biochemical signals in cellular signaling. The normal stress on a bone is shielded from that bone by being placed on a prosthetic implant. This reduction in bone density ( osteopenia) is known as stress shielding and can occur as a result of a hip replacement (or other prosthesis). The inverse is true as well: if the loading on a bone decreases, the bone will become less dense and weaker due to the lack of the stimulus required for continued remodeling. The internal architecture of the trabeculae undergoes adaptive changes, followed by secondary changes to the external cortical portion of the bone, perhaps becoming thicker as a result. If loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel itself over time to become stronger to resist that sort of loading. Wolff's law, developed by the German anatomist and surgeon Julius Wolff (1836–1902) in the 19th century, states that bone in a healthy animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed. For the album by The Joy Formidable, see Wolf's Law.

Wolf express mechanic